![]() ![]() We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of PSA-based screening reporting prostate cancer morbidity, prostate cancer mortality, or all-cause mortality. We considered all studies included in prior USPSTF reviews, relevant English-language articles identified by searching PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and Cochrane Registries and Databases (through July 2017), and articles referenced in included articles or suggested by experts. To update previous USPSTF systematic reviews regarding the benefits and harms of prostate cancer screening and treatments for screen-detected or localized prostate cancer, and to synthesize evidence on the utility of pre-biopsy risk calculators to identify men with clinically significant prostate cancers that are likely to progress to advanced disease. prostate cancer incidence increased sharply with the dissemination of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening in the late 1980s, although it has been controversial whether the benefits of PSA-based screening outweigh potential harms. Prostate cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer and second leading cause of cancer death among U.S. ![]()
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